ATMOS
Atmospheric and Climate Science Lab.
WE PARTICIPATE IN CONFERENCES FOR DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION
Conference communications with IIT KGP
All other conference communications
Technical reports
Conference communications with IIT KGP
. Sunanda N, Kuttippurath, J., Anjaneyan P and Chakraborty, A.: Eddy mediated chlorophyll blooms in North Indian Ocean. International Indian Ocean Science Conference (IIOSC), 14-18 March 2022, Virtual.
. Akhila R. S, Kuttippurath, J., Krishnaja P. B, and Chakraborty, A.: Cyclone-induced rainfall in North Indian Ocean during the period 2000-2020. International Indian Ocean Science Conference (IIOSC), 14-18 March 2022, Virtual.
. Peter, R., Kuttippurath, J., and Chakraborty, K.: Analyses of atmospheric CO2 over the Indian Ocean using satellite measurements for the period 2002-2016. International Indian Ocean Science Conference (IIOSC), 14-18 March 2022, Virtual.
. Sunanda N., Kuttippurath, J., Chakraborty, A., and Peter, R.: Impact of climate oscillations on the Net Primary Productivity of Indian and Pacific Oceans, OCEANS 2022 Chennai, 21-24 February 2022.
. Peter, R., Kuttippurath, J., and Varikoden, H.: Changes in the oceanic precipitation in recent decades as observed from space-borne radar, 5th conference on India Radar Meteorology,iRAD 2022, 09-11 January 2022.
. Peter, R., Kuttippurath, J., Chakraborty, K., and Sunanda N.: Modelling the oceanic pCO2 in the North Indian Ocean, OCEANS 2022 Chennai, 21-24 February 2022.
. Peter, R., Kuttippurath, J., Chakraborty, K. and Sunanda N.: Influence of ENSO and IOD on the variability of atmospheric CO2 over the Indian Ocean. International Symposium on Tropical Meteorology, “Changing Climate: Consequences and Challenges (INTROMET-C4)”, November 23–26, 2021.
. Akhila.R.S, Kuttippurath, J and Chakraborty,A.: Influence of climate modes on tropical cyclone activity in North Indian Ocean. International Symposium on Tropical Meteorology, “Changing Climate: Consequences and Challenges (INTROMET-C4)”, November 23–26, 2021.
. Sunanda N. and Kuttippurath, J.: Role of eddies on tropical cyclone induced phytoplankton blooms in North Indian Ocean. International Symposium on Tropical Meteorology, “Changing Climate: Consequences and Challenges (INTROMET-C4)”, November 23–26, 2021
. Roy, R and Kuttippurath, J.: The Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in the Arctic winters 2010/2011–2020/2021, International Symposium on Tropical Meteorology (INTROMET), November 23-26, 2021.
. Roy, R., Kuttippurath, J., F. Lefèvre., S. Raj., P. Kumar.: The Sudden Stratospheric Warming and polar processing of the Antarctic winter 2019: Comparison with the winters of 1988 and 2002, Quadrennial Ozone Symposium (QOS), October 03-09, 2021
. Roy, R., Kuttippurath, J., D. Ardra., P. Kumar., S. Raj.: Polar processing and Chemical ozone loss in the Exceptional Arctic winters of 2011 and 2020, 7th National Conference of the Ocean Society of India (OSICON-21), August 12-14, 2021
. Gopikrishnan, G. S. and Kuttippurath, J: Assessment of Formaldehyde over the Indian Ocean and Its impact on the Marine Environment, 7th National Conference of the Ocean Society of India (OSICON-21), August 12-14, 2021.
. Peter, R., Kuttippurath, J., Chakraborty, K. and Sunanda N.: Influence of ENSO and IOD on the variability of atmospheric CO2 over the Indian Ocean. International Symposium on Tropical Meteorology, “Changing Climate: Consequences and Challenges (INTROMET-C4)”, November 23–26, 2021.
. Ardra D and J. Kuttippurath: Spatial and temporal variability of OH minimum over Indian Ocean, 7th National Conference of the Ocean Society of India (OSICON-21), August 12-14, 2021
. Sunanda N., Kuttippurath J, Chakraborty A, Peter R: Did COVID-19 lockdown impact the Net Primary Productivity in the Arabian Sea? Ocean for sustainable development, OSICON - 21, August 12- 14, 2021.
. Abbhishek, K., Chander, G., Dixit, S., Kuttippurath, J., Singh, A., Das, D, Preparation, characterization and performance of climate adaptive biochar as a biofertilizer in the nutrient management of paddy, ID─ 202010074, paper presented in TROPMET, 2020.
. Peter, R. and Kuttippurath, J.: Spatial and temporal changes in aerosol distribution over the Bay of Bengal as simulated by the WRF-Chem model, International Conference on Frontiers in Marine Science Challenges and Prospects (MARICON), December 16-20, 2019.
. Akhila, R and Kuttippurath, J.: Upper Ocean response to Tropical Cyclones in the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean Processes and Resources - A key to Blue Economy, OSICON-19, December 12-14, 2019.
. Akhila, R and Kuttippurath, J.: On the Genesis and Simultaneous Occurrences of the Super Cyclone Kyarr and Extremely Severe Cyclone Maha in the Arabian Sea in October 2019, International Conference on Frontiers in Marine Science Challenges and Prospects (MARICON), December 16-20, 2019.
. Sunanda, N and Kuttippurath, J.: The Relationship between Aerosols and Chlorophyll -a in the North Indian Ocean, International Conference on Frontiers in Marine Science Challenges and Prospects (MARICON), December 16-20, 2019.
. Kuttippurath, J. and A. Singh: Seasonal variability of atmospheric ammonia and its connection to PM formation over Indian region, TROPMET, 11-16 December 2019.
. Singh, A. and J. Kuttippurath: Seasonal variability of atmospheric Methane from SCIAMACHY measurements over India, TROPMET, 11-16 December 2019.
. Kuttippurath, J. and P. Kumar: Polar ozone and climate change, National Conference on Polar Sciences (NCPS), August 20-23, 2019.
. Raj, S., Paul, S., Chakraborty, A., Kuttippurath, J. (2019). Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surface Urban Heat Island of Guwahati using LANDSAT and MODIS Data. National Symposium on Innovations in Geospatial Technology for Sustainable Development with special emphasis on NER (p. 201907164). Shillong: Indian Society of Remote Sensing.
. Kumar, P. and J. Kuttippurath: Tropical teleconnection and climate impacts of tropospheric ozone variability in Antarctica, National Conference on Polar Sciences (NCPS), August 20-23, 2019.
. Kumar, P. and J. Kuttippurath et al.: Long-term trends in tropospheric ozone in Antarctica, American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, December 2019.
. Raj, S., Paul, S., Chakraborty, A., Kuttippurath, J: Analysis of spatial and temporal variations of surface urban heat island in Kolkata, India using LANDSAT and MODIS data, in: EGU General Assembly 2019.
. Anandh T S, Bijan Kumar Das, J. Kuttippurath and Arun Chakraborty: A coupled model analysis on the oceanic eddy interactions with tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal region of Indian Ocean, AGU Fall Meeting, Washington DC, USA. Dec 2018.
. Bijan Kumar Das, Anandh T S, J. Kuttippurath and Arun Chakraborty: Influence of coastal Kelvin waves and local wind on the genesis and characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the western Bay of Bengal, AGU Fall Meeting, Washington DC, USA. Dec 2018.
. Kumar, A., D. Swain, and J. Kuttippurath: Greenhouse gas mitigation in rice cultivation: An approach towards sustainable and climate resilient agro-practices, Second International Workshop on Biodiversity and Climate Change, IIT Kharagpur, 24—27 February 2018.
. Murasingh, S., Jha, M.K., Dash, S.S. and Kuttippurath, J.: Evaluation of daily and monthly streamflow simulation for a hilly watershed of North-East India, Abstract H43E-2617 presented at 2018 Fall Meeting, AGU, Washington, D.C., 10-14 Dec.
. Anandh, T. S. (including J. Kuttippurath): Sensitive studies on variation in plankton concentrations due to climate change along the southern coast of India using ROMS, Second International Workshop on Biodiversity and Climate Change, IIT Kharagpur, 24—27 February 2018.
. Nair, P. J., A. Chakraborty and J. Kuttippurath: On the influence of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, surface temperatures on Indian rainfall, International conference on SONAR Systems and Sensors, ICONS 2018, 22–24 February 2018.
. Akhila, R., Sunanda, N., A. Chakraborty., and J. Kuttippurath: Cooling of Bay of Bengal surface temperature during the passage of the cyclones Aila, Bijli and Ward, International conference on SONAR Systems and Sensors, ICONS 2018, 22–24 February 2018.
. Sunanda, N., AKhila, R., A. Chakraborty and J. Kuttippurath: The Chl-a bloom in Bay of Bengal during the cyclones Fanoos, Nisha and Nilam, International conference on SONAR Systems and Sensors, ICONS 2018, 22–24 February 2018.
. Sharma, M., A. Chakraborty and J. Kuttippurath: Effect of polyethylene glycol on flat sheet cellulose acetate membrane for evaluating power density performance in pressure retarded osmosis study, INDO-EU Workshop on The Recent Developments in Microbial Fuel Cell and Membrane Bioreactor Technology, 2–3 February 2018.
. Anandh T., J. Kuttippurath and A. Chakraborty: A Coupled Model study on Cyclone Heat Potential over the Bay of Bengal, OSICON, 28–30 August 2017, NCESS, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 2017.
. Dandapat S., A. Chakraborty, and J. Kuttippurath: The Seasonal and Interannual Variability And Features Of The Western Bay Of Bengal Boundary Currents From 2006 To 2012 By Regional Ocean Modeling System, 14th Annual Conference, AGOS 2017, 6–11 August 2017, Singapore.
. Dandapat S., A. Chakraborty, and J. Kuttippurath: Seasonal and interannual variability of mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Bay of Bengal by Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) in 2006—2012, OSICON, 28—30 August 2017, NCESS, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 2017.
. Sharma M., A. K. Yadav, J. Kuttippurath, and A. Chakraborty: Power production using salinity gradient at the Hooghly estuary system, OSICON, 28—30 August 2017, NCESS, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 2017.
. Das B. K., T. Anandh, J. Kuttippurath, and A. Chakraborty: Influence of Coastal Kelvin Waves on Western Boundary Current discontinuity in Bay of Bengal using ROMS, OSICON, 28—30 August 2017, NCESS, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 2017.
. Sharma M., A. Chakraborty, and J. Kuttippurath: The potential of power production using salinity gradient at the Hooghly estuary region, International Conference on Twenty First Century Energy Needs - Materials, Systems & Applications, 17—19 November, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, 2016.
. Das B. K., T. S. Anandh, S. Dandapat, A. Chakraborty, and J. Kuttippurath: Impact of River and Tidal forcing on the Discontinuity of the Western Boundary Currents and associated Eddies of the Bay of Bengal, AGU Fall meeting, San Francisco, 12—16 December 2016, USA, 2016.
. Kumar A., Martin M. , Venkatesan R. , Joseph K. J., Kuttippurath J. , Sadhukhan B: Influence of Surface Layer Stratification on Oceanic Response to Tropical Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, TROPMET, 18 - 21 December, 2016, Bhubaneswar, India, 2016
All other conference communications
46. Von Hobe et al. (including J. Kuttippurath): Polar stratospheric ozone in a changing climate: Closing the knowledge gaps, SPARC General Assembly, Queens Town, New Zealand, 12—17 January 2014.
47. Lefevre, F., M. Marchand, J. Kuttippurath, and S. Bekki: Impact of improved photochemistry and microphysics on CCM simulations, RECONCILE final meeting, Budapest, 20—22 February 2013.
48. Lefevre, F., M. Marchand, J. Kuttippurath and S. Bekki: CCM modelling with a new microphysics for the enhanced prediction of ozone loss in the Arctic, RECONCILE meeting, Berlin, 2—3 May 2012.
49. Kuttippurath, J., F. Goutail, F. Lefevre, J.P Pommereau, A. Pazmino, H. K. Roscoe: Probing the Antarctic ozone hole with NDACC total ozone column observations in 1989-2010, Symposium on 20th Anniversary of NDAAC,, Reunion Island, 6—10 November 2011.
50. Kuttippurath, J., S. Godin-Beekmann, and A. Pazmino: Signatures of the Antarctic ozone loss saturation in the late 1980s, Geophys. Res. Abs., 13, EGU 2011-9341, 2011.
51. Godin-Beekmann, S., J. Kuttippurath, F. Lefevre, M. L. Santee and L. Froidevaux: Record-breaking ozone loss during the Arctic winter 2010/2011: Comparison with the Arctic winter 1996/1997, AGU Fall meeting, San Francisco, USA, December 2011.
52. Goutail, F., A. Pazmino, J. Kuttippurath, F. Lefevre, J.-P. Pommereau, M. Chipperfield, W. Feng., Interannual variability of ozone loss in the Arctic and Antarctic polar vortex using 20 years of NDACC ozone measurements, NDAAC symposium, Reunion Island, 6—10 November 2011.
53. Goutail, F., Pommereau, J.-P., Lefevre, F., Pazmino, A., J. Kuttippurath, Chipperfield, M., Feng, W., Van Roozendael, M., Eriksen, P., Stebel, K., Dorokhov, V., Kyro, E., Strong, K.: Record total ozone depletion in the Arctic vortex in 2011, AGU Fall Meeting, 5—9 December 2011, San Francisco, USA, 2011.
54. Goutail, F. Lefèvre, A. Pazmiño, J. P. Pommereau, J. Kuttippurath, M. Van Roozendael, M. Chipperfield, W. Feng, E. Kyro, P. Ericksen, K. Stebel, V. Dorokhov, C. Adams, X. Zhao, K. Walker, K. Strong, Arctic O3 loss 2010/2011, EGU General Assembly, 3—8 April 2011, Vienna, Austria, 2011.
55. Kuttippurath, J., S. Godin-Beekmann, F. Lefevre, and G. Nikulin: Dynamics of the exceptional warming events during the Arctic winters 2003/04, 2005/06 and 2008/09, Geophys. Res. Abs., 12, EGU2010-5499, 2010.
56. Goutail , F., F. Lefevre, J. Kuttippurath , J. P. Pommereau, A. Pazmino , M. Chipperfield, W. Feng , M. Van Roozendael, P. Eriksen, K. Stebel, V. Dorokhov, E. Kyro, C. Adams, K. Strong: Total ozone loss during the 2009/10 Arctic winter and comparison to previous years, Geophys. Res. Abs., 12, EGU2010-3725-2, 2010.
57. Kuttippurath, J., S. Godin-Beekmann, F. Lefevre, and A. Pazmino: Numerical simulation of ozone loss in the Antarctic winters 2005—2008: Comparison with MLS measurements, Geophys. Res. Abs., 11, EGU 2009-9672, 2009.
58. Kuttippurath, J., F. Goutail, J.P Pommereau, A. Pazmino, W. Feng, and M. Chipperfield: Antarctic Ozone loss 1988-2008 History at Dumont d´Urville (67S, 140E), Geophys. Res. Abs.11, EGU 2009-10750, 2009.
59. Pazmino, A., F. Goutail, J. Kuttippurath, J.P. Pommereau: Evaluation de la perte d’ozone polaire à partir des mesures SAOZ, 6ème Journées Scientifiques CNFRA, Paris, France, 1—2 October 2009.
60. Kuttippurath, J., S. Godin-Beekmann, F. Lefevre, and A. Pazmino: Simulations of ozone loss for the recent Arctic and Antarctic winters, Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, QOS-2008, 29 June—5 July, Tormso, Norway, 2008.
61. Kuttippurath, J., F. Goutail, F. Lefevre, A. Pazmino, J. P Pommereau, W. Feng, and M. Chipperfield: Measurements of ozone loss in the Antarctic winter 2006 and 2007 and comparison to previous winters, Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, QOS-2008, 29 June—5 July, Tormso, Norway, 2008.
62. Lott, F., J. Kuttippurath, and F. Vial: Equatorial wave packets in the LMDz stratospheric model and ERA-40 reanalysis, 4th SPARC General Assembly, 31 August—5 September, Bolgana, Itali, 2008.
63. Kuttippurath, J., F. Lott and F. Vial: Equatorial waves in the stratospheric version of LMDz model and in the NCEP reanalysis, AGU Chapman Conference on Stratosphere in Climate and Climate Change, 24—28 September, Santorini, Greece, 2007.
64. Solomon, S. J., J. Burrows, J. Kuttippurath, A. Ladstätter-Wissenmayer, and G. Schade: Evaluation of occupational exposure to VOC concentrations in an indoor workplace environment, ACCENT Symposium, Urbino, Italy, 11—16 September 2007.
65. Kuttippurath, J. and F. Lott: Tropical waves in the LMDz stratospheric model and in the ERA 40 reanalysis, Geophys. Res. Abs., 8, 03023, April 2006.
66. Solomon, S. J., J. Kuttippurath, A. Ladstätter Wiessenmayer and J. Burrows: Exposure assessment of VOCs in an indoor workplace environment of a university building in Germany, Geophys. Res. Abs., 8, 09266, 2006.
67. Payan, S., K. Grunow, J. Bureau, G. Wetzel, M. Pirre, J. Kuttippurath et al.: Validation and data characteristics of methane and nitrous oxide profiles observed by MIPAS and processed with Version 6.1 algorithm, 3rd Workshop on the Atmospheric Chemistry Validation of Envisat, ACVE-3, ESA ESRIN Frascati, Italy, 4—7 December 2006.
68. Cortesi, U., C. Blom, T. Blumenstock , and et al. (including J. Kuttippurath): Co-ordinated validation activity and quality assessment of MIPAS-ENVISAT ozone data, Atmospheric Science Conference, ESA, Frascati, Italy, 8-12 May 2006, Proc. ESA First Atmospheric Science Conference, Editor: Lacoste, H., ESA-SP-628 Noordwijk : European Space Agency. ISBN/ISSN: ISBN-92-9092-939-1, ISSN-1609-042X, 2006.
69. Kleinböhl, A., H. Bremer, J. Kuttippurath, H. Küllmann, J. Notholt, K. Künzi: Stratospheric trace gas measurements by ASUR during PAVE, EOS Aura Science Team Meeting, Pasadena Convention Center, CA, USA, 28 Feb.—3 Mar. 2005.
70. Kleinböhl, A., H. Bremer, H. Küllmann, J. Kuttippurath, E. V. Browell, T. Canty, R. J. Salawitch, G. C. Toon, J. Notholt: Airborne submillimeter measurements in the Arctic mid-winter 2004/2005 - Evidence for chlorine activation and denitrification, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 5—9 December 2005.
71. Bremer, H., A. Kleinboehl, M. Palm, H. Kuellmann, J. Kuttippurath, M. Sinnhuber, and J. Notholt: Observations of stratospheric trace gases during the PAVE mission by ASUR, EOS Aura Validation Workshop, Lanham-Seabrook, MD, USA, 19—23 September 2005.
72. Kuttippurath, J., Kleinböhl, A., Bremer, H., Küllmann, H., von Savigny, C., and Künzi, K.: SCIAMACHY Ozone limb profiles: First validation by ASUR, European Geosciences Union, 1st General Assembly, Nice, France, EGU04-A-04222, 25—30 April 2004.
73. Kuttippurath, J., H. Bremer, A. Kleinböhl, H. Küllmann and K. Künzi: Airborne microwave observations of stratospheric trace gases during SCIAMACHY validation campaigns, Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Munich, Ref. No: UP 17.7, 22—26 March 2004.
74. Kuttippurath, J., A. Kleinböhl, H. Bremer, K. Küllmann, J. Notholt, and K. Künzi: Measurements and model calculations of Nitrous oxide: Implications for stratospheric transport, SPARC 3rd General Assembly, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, Ref. No: 10097, 1—6 August 2004.
75. Bremer, H., A. Kleinböhl, J. Kuttippurath, Sinnhuber, M., Küllmann, H., and Künzi, K.: Denitrification and increase of middle stratospheric Ozone and N2O in the Arctic Winter 02/03, Nice, France, Geophys. Res. Abs., EGU04-A-03704, 2004.
76. Bremer, H., A. Kleinböhl, J. Kuttippurath, H. Küllmann, and K. Künzi: Measurements of HCN, NO, and ozone during the LEONID MAC CAMPAIGN 2002, 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Paris, France, Abstract: 02835, 18—25 July, 2004.
77. Kleinböhl, A., J. Kuttippurath, M. von König, H. Küllmann, and K. Künzi: Preliminary results of stratospheric trace gas measurements by ASUR in Arctic winter and spring 2002/2003, Geophys. Res. Abs., 5, 1607-7962/gra/EAE03-A-02916, 2003.
78. Kleinböhl, A., Bremer, H., J. Kuttippurath, M. von König, H. Küllmann, and K. Künzi: Results of stratospheric trace gas measurements by ASUR in Arctic winter and spring 2002/2003, SOLVE II / VINTERSOL, Joint Science Team meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA, 21—24 October 2003.
79. Küllmann, H. Bremer, A. Kleinböhl, J. Kuttippurath, A. Rozanov, and K. Künzi: Airborne microwave observations during SCIAMACHY validation campaigns: first results, Geophys. Res. Abs., 5, 1607-7962/gra/EAE03-A- 11750, 2003.
80. Heue, K., U. Platt, I. Pundt, T. Wagner, A. Fix, H. Flentje, G. Ehret, H. Küllmann, H. Bremer, A. Kleinböhl, Jayanarayanan. K., J. Notholt, K. Künzi, M. Bruns, P. Wang, A. Richter, J. Burrows: SCIAMACHY Validation with the DLR Falcon, 16th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research, 2-5 June 2003, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Ed.: Barbara Warmbein, ESA-Special Publication No: 530, ISBN 92-9092-840-9, August 2003.
81. Kuellmann, H., H. Bremer, J. Burrows, A. Kleinboehl, K. Kuenzi and J. Kuttippurath: Validation of SCIAMACHY Ozone Profiles and other Gases with the ASUR Airborne Sensor: Instrument Status and Method, 6th European symposium on stratospheric ozone, Goteborg, Sweden, 2—6 September 2002.
82. Fix, A., H. Flentje, G. Ehret, H. Küllmann, H. Bremer, A. Kleinböhl, Jayanarayanan. K., J. Notholt, K. Künzi, M. Bruns, P. Wang, A. Richter, W. Gurlit, K. Gerilowski, J. Burrows, K. Heue, U. Platt, I. Pundt, T. Wagner: SCIAMACHY and MIPAS Validation with the DLR Falcon Aircraft, Envisat Validation Workshop, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 9—13 December 2002.
Technical reports
1. von Hobe et al. (J. Kuttippurath, Contributor): Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions, The RECONCILE final project report, 28 April 2013.
2. David, C. and Godin-Beekmann, S. (J. Kuttippurath, Contributor)): Ozone layer and UV radiation in a changing climate Evaluated during the IPY: French Contribution (ORACLE—F RANCE), final report, PROJECT ANR-06-BLAN-0246, 24 June 2011.
3. Solomon, S., J. Kuttippurath, A. Ladstaetter-Wissenmayer, and J. Burrows: Surface-atmosphere flux measurements of soil methanol and NOx from a managed cropland ecosystem: comparison with EC and chamber methods, ACCENT BIAFLUX exchange research staff –project report, 2009.
4. Harris, N. R. P. et al.: The Northern Hemisphere Stratosphere in the 2004/05 Winter, Report for 2005, SCOUT-O3 Integrated Project, IUP, University of Bremen (J. Kuttippurath, Contributor), 2006.
5. Küllmann, H., J. Kuttippurath, H. Bremer, A. Kleinböhl, M. Sinnhuber, J. Notholt, K. Künzi and J. Burrows: Validation von SCIAMACHY LEVEL-2 Datenprodukten mit Hilfe des ASUR-Sensors von Bord des FALCON-Flugzeugs", Schlussbericht zu FKZ 50EE0022 (Project Completion Report), University of Bremen, 2005.